We’ve added a Plan Visualizer device contained in the Agile Mentors Neighborhood. When doing agile planning, use this free device to forecast the probability that an agile or Scrum workforce can full a specific amount of labor inside a goal variety of iterations.

AMC member? Entry the Plan Visualizer device.

Pattern Agile Forecast

Suppose a workforce has been requested to finish 240 story levels inside 8 iterations (marked with a crimson dot within the picture beneath). The workforce estimates that its future velocity will fall within the vary of 26–34. The numbers (26 and 34) are used to attract the strains displaying how a lot will be delivered.

A velocity of 26 for eight sprints will lead to 208 factors accomplished; the decrease line is beneath the goal of 240 indicated by the crimson dot. The workforce’s high-velocity estimate of 34 ends in 272 factors; that line is above the goal.

As a result of the specified scope falls between what’s achievable with the workforce’s predicted high- and low- velocity estimates, the goal is possible. It’s not assured, however it’s achievable.

If the workforce’s velocity vary estimates had been decrease, say 20–26, the crimson dot would seem within the crimson zone, which might point out that the specified quantity of labor isn’t possible, even on the workforce’s excessive velocity estimate.

Equally, if the low quantity within the estimated velocity vary is excessive sufficient to complete every thing, the crimson dot will likely be within the inexperienced zone. This means the goal set of labor may be very achievable.

Speaking with Stakeholders

I exploit charts like this to reply questions on why sure requests are simply not potential.

A chart that reveals a set of labor and an accompanying goal deadline within the crimson zone makes it clear that, even on the workforce’s optimistic velocity estimate, the specified work can’t be accomplished in time. (I do not hassle displaying the chart if the request lands within the inexperienced zone. We simply get to work and delight prospects by ending early.)

What If the Forecast Exhibits We Can not End?

When the focused set of labor and deadline are above one or each velocity estimates, you might have a couple of choices:

• Prolong the deadline (improve the variety of sprints)
• Cut back the scope
• Prolong the deadline and scale back the scope

You need to use the Plan Visualizer device to experiment with completely different situations. Enhance the variety of sprints and see the way it appears to be like. Cut back the scope and see the way it appears to be like.

Use the device to collaborate with stakeholders and set the fitting expectations.

AMC member? Entry the Plan Visualizer device.

Forecasting Velocity

To find out the viability of a plan, it’s important to forecast velocity.

The Plan Visualizer means that you can manually enter a velocity vary. (You need to use one other free device, the Velocity Vary Calculator, or a way referred to as resampling velocity to estimate the speed vary your self.) Or, when you enter historic velocity numbers, the Plan Visualizer will forecast a spread for you.

(Should you don’t have any historic information, you may nonetheless forecast velocity. This Superior Subjects in Agile Planning presentation reveals a method to try this. The best way to Estimate Velocity as an Agile Guide reveals one other)

Let’s check out how the Plan Visualizer forecasts a velocity vary.

What to Think about When Forecasting Velocity

One of many belongings you’ll need to know is your workforce’s imply velocity. To calculate it, look again at as a lot information as you assume related; I’d think about a 12 months higher restrict. A workforce has seemingly modified sufficient in a 12 months that older information received’t be very predictive. (Right here’s some recommendation on predicting velocity in case your workforce adjustments ceaselessly.)

To forecast a future velocity, you additionally want to think about how far forward you’re planning. Should you’re solely planning one dash forward, it will be dangerous to make use of the workforce’s common. That’s, in spite of everything, an common. The workforce undoubtedly skilled some sprints higher than the typical and a few worse.

The workforce on this chart has a median velocity of 29. However previously, their velocity has been as little as 18 and as excessive as 37. In the event that they have been requested to forecast their velocity within the subsequent dash, their trustworthy reply could be wherever from 18 to 37.

However suppose as a substitute they’re requested to forecast its velocity over the following 1,000 sprints. With that many sprints, the excessive and low velocities will stability out. The workforce can safely forecast that their velocity will likely be 29, their common.

(I’m, after all, ignoring the truth that the workforce will likely be studying and bettering over 1,000 sprints. And that incredible new applied sciences will emerge. Nicely, and in addition that the majority of them will most likely retire—since 1,000 two-week sprints equals 38 years!)

In sum, to forecast velocity precisely it’s best to use a spread. Should you’re forecasting just one dash forward, the estimate vary must be vast. The vary can slim as you look additional forward.

Utilizing a Prediction Interval

The Plan Visualizer forecasts a future velocity vary utilizing a statistical idea often called a prediction interval, which is given by this components:

That may look sophisticated, so let me break it down piece by piece.

We begin with the workforce’s common, or imply, velocity. We then add and subtract some quantity to that, and that’s every thing to the fitting of the plus-minus image. Right here’s what that components means.

What’s a t-value?

The t-value is predicated on how assured we need to be within the plan (we’ll use 90%) and the variety of historic velocity values you might have. Should you had a statistics course previously, you could bear in mind t-values from that.

The Plan Visualizer calculates the t-value for you. However you may as well lookup t-values on-line or use a spreadsheet perform.

What’s the s within the components?

The s within the components is the usual deviation of the workforce’s velocities. It’s a measure of dispersion. It’s how unfold out a workforce’s velocities are. Groups whose velocity bounces round between 28 and 32 could have a smaller normal deviation than these with a velocity vary between 20 and 40.

What are the h and f within the components?

Beneath the sq. root signal we’ve got 1 divided by h added to 1 divided by f. The variables h and f signify the variety of historic and future sprints.

If, for instance, this workforce has 10 sprints’ price of information then h is 10. Should you’re predicting their velocity for 5 future iterations then f is 5.

On this case we’d add 1 over 10 to 1 over 5 to get the worth below the sq. root signal.

Prediction Interval Calculation in Motion

Earlier than working an instance prediction interval calculation, bear in mind you don’t must do any of this work: the Plan Visualizer will forecast velocity for you.

For our instance, I’ll use the speed graph proven above.

Step one is to calculate the imply and the usual deviation. That is trivial in Excel or Google Sheets. We simply use the common and stdev features.

Doing that, we get a imply of 29.4 and a typical deviation of 5.75.

To get the t-value we use the spreadsheet perform T.INV.2T. It takes two parameters. First, the worth .10, which signifies we’re calculating a 90% prediction interval. This implies there will likely be a 5% probability the longer term velocity common will likely be above our prediction interval and a 5% probability it will likely be beneath it. And a 90% probability that the typical future velocity will likely be throughout the vary we’re calculating.

The second parameter T.INV.2T wants is the variety of historic iterations you might have minus one. Now we have ten iterations of information, so we use T.INV.2T(.10, 9). That ends in a price of 1.83.

Let’s fill these numbers into our equation:

We additionally know h, the variety of historic iterations of information, is 10. And let’s assume this workforce is being requested to look forward 5 sprints, which is the worth for f. Placing these values into the equation we get:

From right here, it’s straightforward to resolve the remainder of the equation:

This means that over the following 5 iterations, this workforce’s velocity will be predicted at someplace between 29.4 plus and minus 5.68. Including and subtracting, we get that velocity will likely be from 23.72 to 35.08.

We need to do our agile estimating in entire numbers. Use your judgment on whether or not to spherical up or down for every estimate. I’d say 23.72 is shut sufficient to 24 that I’m going to spherical that up. The 35.08 is so near 35 that I’m positively rounding it down.

Should you felt compelled to be very conservative in your reply you could possibly at all times spherical each down.

At this level, we will say there’s a 90% probability the workforce’s future velocity will likely be between 24 and 35.

Forecast with Confidence—Entry the Plan Visualizer

The Plan Visualizer is now available contained in the Agile Mentors Neighborhood.

You need to use it to:

• Set reasonable expectations with stakeholders—visually present what’s achievable given your agile workforce’s velocity.
• Experiment with scope vs. timeline trade-offs—shortly modify dash counts and scope to search out viable options.
• Enhance planning accuracy—forecast future velocity utilizing statistical modeling, not simply intestine intuition.

Should you be a part of the Agile Mentors Neighborhood, you additionally get entry to:

• A personal group of agile professionals with whom to collaborate, be taught, and troubleshoot challenges
• Lean Espresso occasions
• Planning Poker® Device with limitless customers
• A rising library of agile sources

You’ll get full entry to the Plan Visualizer and a community of agile specialists that will help you make smarter, data-driven selections.

Be part of at this time and begin planning with confidence. Click on right here to search out out extra in regards to the group.

Final replace: March tenth, 2025